Transmission of Data:

• The transfer of data in the form of bits from one device to another can be described.
• Some type of medium, for example, fiber optics, etc. is necessary to transmit data.
• The data can be transmitted from the machine to the printer over a short distance or long distances, for example calling abroad by telephone.
• For data transmission three key considerations must be considered:

1. The path for data transfer (one or two way).
2. Form of transmitting i.e. not one-time bits to pass.
3. Form of syncing.

Types of Data Transmission:

There are two types of data transmission:

1. Serial
2. Parallel

Serial Data Transmission:

• In serial communication systems, there is a single wire over which data bits are transferred one by one.
• It is known as serial transmission because bits need to be organized before they are sent over the channel.
• This way the receiver can receive and arrange data in order and consider it to be errorless.

• This data processing is often used where long-distance connectivity is required.
• In serial communication systems, data transfer speed is slower than in parallel communication systems.
• There is no problem with synchronization when transmitting serial data.

Example:

An example of serial data transmission is the transfer of bits from the computer to the modem for transmission over the phone.

Parallel Data Transmission:

• Multiple wires in the concurrent transmission networks are transmitted continuously via these parallel wires.
• This data transmission method is the best practical application over shorter distances.
• The bit can be skewed when a long-distance synchronization issue is used.
• Used for internal communications usually in computer networks.
• It is faster than serial data transmission.

Example:

An example of parallel data transmission is a ribbon wire that is used to transfer data from the computer to the printer.

Modes of Data Transmission:

There are three modes of data transmission:

1. Simplex
2. Duplex
3. Half-Duplex

Simplex Data Transmission:

In this mode, data is transmitted in one direction only i.e. sender to receiver.

Example:

Transfer of data from computer to printer.

Duplex Data Transmission:

In this mode, data is transmitted in both directions simultaneously.

Example:

Broadband phone connection.

Half-Duplex Data Transmission:

In this mode, data is transmitted in both directions but not simultaneously i.e. not at the same time.

Example:

A phone conversation.

Error Detection & Correction in Data Transmission:

• The techniques used for data processing are known as error detection while the transmission of data, sound, and other impairments happen.
• Error identification allows efficient channel data distribution.
• It, therefore, decreases the risk of undetected error, i.e. the shift of inappropriate frames.
• An algorithm of some kind is added to the error detecting code normally transmitted on the channel by the data before transmission of the data.
• The receiver uses the same algorithm, produces the submitted data’s error code, and then compares it to the end-of-sending Error Code.
• If all codes are similar then the obtained data is error-free.
• The submitted information shall otherwise be deemed inaccurate and the applicant shall then take action.